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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*ja:pa(k) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 wooden fork 2 shovel face="Times New Roman Star"1 äåðåâÿííûå âèëû 2 ëîïàòà face="Times New Roman Star"jaba 1, dial. 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jaba face="Times New Roman Star"japa (Pav. C. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ja:wa (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaba 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ja:baq, ja:ba 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?aba (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaba 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aba 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?aba 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jo:wa, jowa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 187, ÝÑÒß 4, 45. Not quite clear are fronted cognates: Yak. seb, Kumd. jep, Tat., Bashk. j@p 'fork, bifurcation'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*japyl/gak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 small louse 2 nit 3 a k. of gad-fly 4 leech face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìàëåíüêàÿ âîøü 2 ãíèäà 3 âèä îâîäà 4 ïèÿâêà face="Times New Roman Star"jabys?qaq 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"japys?aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"japs?yq, d/aps?yq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ja"bes?ke|k 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"japys?qan 4 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 134.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"gen face="Times New Roman Star"large intestine face="Times New Roman Star"òîëñòàÿ êèøêà face="Times New Roman Star"bo"gen (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ven face="Times New Roman Star"po":n face="Times New Roman Star"mo":n face="Times New Roman Star"mo":n face="Times New Roman Star"mo":n face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ja"n face="Times New Roman Star"bu"jen face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 205, Ëåêñèêà 279, VEWT 83, EDT 328.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jaku face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"coat face="Times New Roman Star"ïëàù, øóáà face="Times New Roman Star"jaqu (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jaqqy, d/aqqy, jaqa, d/aqa face="Times New Roman Star"sag|ynn/ax face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|y face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aqy (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"z?aqy (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jaqy face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 60-61, Ëåêñèêà 476. The form jag|qu is not really attested: it is a folk etymology related by MK . Turk. > Russ. jega/, see Àíèêèí 195, 721.
face="Times New Roman Star"*je.ru"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 alder 2 cedar face="Times New Roman Star"1 îëüõà 2 êåäð face="Times New Roman Star"jerek, jo"rek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rgek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ru"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s/ir@k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jerek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|erk 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 206-207, VEWT 204, Ëåêñèêà 130-131. Turk. > Hung. gyu?ru? 'maple'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.gyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"brown face="Times New Roman Star"áóðûé face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz, jayz face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz (AH ), jowuz (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz face="Times New Roman Star"s/yr(ú) face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z face="Times New Roman Star"jawuz face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 64-65, EDT 909. Despite Poppe 61, Âëàäèìèðöîâ 267 and Clauson (EDT 909) Mong. dajir 'brown' - with which they would like to compare the Turkic form - does not exist.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ograk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"mountain goat face="Times New Roman Star"ãîðíûé êîçåë face="Times New Roman Star"og|raq (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 405. Most Turkic languages reflect PT *oglak 'kid, goat' - possibly a merger of *ograk with *ogul 'son' (v. sub *i_uga ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ujuk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"(felt) stockings face="Times New Roman Star"(âîéëî÷íûå) ÷óëêè face="Times New Roman Star"ujuq (OUygh. - late) face="Times New Roman Star"ujuk (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"u>jyq face="Times New Roman Star"ujuq (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"u>jyq face="Times New Roman Star"ujyq face="Times New Roman Star"u>ju>q face="Times New Roman Star"uju"k face="Times New Roman Star"ÄÒÑ 608, VEWT 511, ÝÑÒß 1, 581-582, Ëåêñèêà 481. The root should be distinguished from *uk q. v. sub *p`o\k`a\ (there is no way of uniting them phonetically).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"dandruff face="Times New Roman Star"ïåðõîòü face="Times New Roman Star"konak face="Times New Roman Star"Gon|aq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"n| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 excrements, faeces 2 hard soil, swamp face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàâîç, ïîìåò 2 òâåðäàÿ ïî÷âà, áîëîòî face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"z (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n, ku"n (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"gu.n| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 735, ÝÑÒß 5, 103.
face="Times New Roman Star"*or- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to mow face="Times New Roman Star"êîñèòü face="Times New Roman Star"or- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ora- face="Times New Roman Star"or- face="Times New Roman Star"vyr- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 468, Ëåêñèêà 469.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ur face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"growth, excrescence face="Times New Roman Star"íàðîñò, îïóõîëü face="Times New Roman Star"ur face="Times New Roman Star"u>ry face="Times New Roman Star"ur face="Times New Roman Star"ur face="Times New Roman Star"ur face="Times New Roman Star"ur face="Times New Roman Star"uru face="Times New Roman Star"ur face="Times New Roman Star"u>ra face="Times New Roman Star"ury face="Times New Roman Star"u>ru> face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 598-599. Turk. > Mong. ur id.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.l/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"friend, companion, mate face="Times New Roman Star"äðóã, òîâàðèù face="Times New Roman Star"es? (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"es? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"es? face="Times New Roman Star"es? (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jys? 'family' face="Times New Roman Star"es? face="Times New Roman Star"es? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 253-254, ÝÑÒß 1, 313-314, Åãîðîâ 83, Ëåêñèêà 314.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"s- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to break through 2 rupture, hernia face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîðûâàòüñÿ 2 ïðîáîäåíèå, ãðûæà face="Times New Roman Star"bu"s- 1, bu"ser 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 84.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sum- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"nose face="Times New Roman Star"íîñ face="Times New Roman Star"súw|mza face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399, Åãîðîâ 181, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 24 (but not to tums?uk!). An isolated Chuvash form with possible external parallels.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju:rtu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hole, needle hole face="Times New Roman Star"óøêî èíñòðóìåíòà face="Times New Roman Star"igne jurdusu 'óøêî èãëû' face="Times New Roman Star"jurdu 'óøêî èãëû, ñòðåëû, òîïîðà' (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s/úrda 'óøêî èãëû, ìåäàëè, ïðîìåæóòîê äëÿ ðåçèíêè íà òðóñàõ' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 211, EDT 958 (sub jurt), Åãîðîâ 208, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 98.
face="Times New Roman Star"*da:p- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to trample face="Times New Roman Star"òîïòàòü face="Times New Roman Star"tabry- 'to jump about (about a camel)' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tapa- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"da:bala- 'to trample' (of a camel), da:byra- 'to ride, stamp' face="Times New Roman Star"tabar- 'to fall upon' face="Times New Roman Star"tabyj- 'to hit with front hooves' (of a horse) face="Times New Roman Star"tabyn- 'to scratch with a hoof' face="Times New Roman Star"tapa- face="Times New Roman Star"tapa- face="Times New Roman Star"tapylda- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 443, ÝÑÒß 3, 111-112, Stachowski 214. The Tat., Kaz., Bashk. and KKalp. reflect a variant *dapa- (or perhaps expressive *da:ppa-, to account for the lack of voicing -p- > -b- after a long vowel).
face="Times New Roman Star"*tArakaj face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 snipe 2 hawk 3 a k. of lark 4 a k. of duck (êðå÷åòêà) 5 corncrake 6 merganser face="Times New Roman Star"1 áåêàñ 2 ÿñòðåá 3 âèä æàâîðîíêà 4 óòêà-êðå÷åòêà 5 êîðîñòåëü 6 êðîõàëü face="Times New Roman Star"tartar 'a bird like the turtle dove, a water-fowl' (MK )' face="Times New Roman Star"tarag|aj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tarag|aj 3 face="Times New Roman Star"to|rg|o|q 4 face="Times New Roman Star"tarag|aj 1, ta:rt 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tarqat 6 face="Times New Roman Star"tarhat 6 (ÔèË 233) face="Times New Roman Star"tartar 5 face="Times New Roman Star"targ|aq 'steppe bird', tartar 5 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 463, EDT 536. There are two distinctive formations: *tara-kaj (a k. of steppe bird, but not quite clear - which), and *tartar (basically corncrake, but attested in MK with the meaning 'a bird like turtle dove, water-fowl'). They may be related, but the latter may also represent a borrowing < Sak. tatara 'partridge' (cf. also Armen. tatrak 'turtle-dove'), see Bailey 122.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tol- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to push, collide face="Times New Roman Star"ñòàëêèâàòüñÿ, ïèõàòü face="Times New Roman Star"tul- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tul- 1, (caus.) tuldur- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tola- 'to wave, shake' (Óß) face="Times New Roman Star"tolug|ura:- 'to dangle freely inside an empty space' face="Times New Roman Star"tula- 'to kick' face="Times New Roman Star"tolarsaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to:la- 'ðàçãðåáàòü íîãàìè' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 491, 495, 501. Derived is probably *Tolarsuk 'knee or heel joint, sinew' (VEWT 480, 486, ÝÑÒß 8: OT (MK ) tolarsuq, Yak. tolunn/an| (< *tolu-n-c?an|-), Kirgh. tolorsuk, Bashk. tularhyq, KKalp. tolarsaq; Kaz. tilersek, influenced by tirsek 'knee').
face="Times New Roman Star"*du"n|u"r face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a relative by marriage face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñâàò, ñâàõà, ïîñðåäíèê ïðè ñâàòîâñòâå 2 ñâîéñòâåííèê face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|u"r 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|u"r 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"du"nu"r 1, dial. du"nu"s? 'ðîäèòåëè íîâîáðà÷íûõ' face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|u"r 2 face="Times New Roman Star"du"nu"r 'ñâàòîâñòâî' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 523, Ðÿñÿíåí 1955 , 172. Yak. > Evk., Evn. tun|ur 2 (ÒÌÑ 2, 217).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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